摘要 :
Chikungunya fever is an emerging arbovirus infection, representing a serious public health problem. Its etiological agent is the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Transmission of this virus is mainly vector by mosquitoes of the genus Aed...
展开
Chikungunya fever is an emerging arbovirus infection, representing a serious public health problem. Its etiological agent is the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Transmission of this virus is mainly vector by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, although transmission by blood transfusions and vertical transmission has also been reported. The disease presents high morbidity caused mainly by the arthralgia and arthritis generated. Cardiovascular and neurological manifestations have also been reported. The severity of the infection seems to be directly associated with the action of the virus, but also with the decompensation of preexisting comorbidities. Currently, there are no therapeutic products neither vaccines licensed to the infection CHIKV control, although several vaccine candidates are being evaluated and human polyvalent immunoglobulins anti-CHIKV had been tested. Antibodies can protect against the infection, but in sub-neutralizing concentrations can augment virus infection and exacerbate disease severity. So, the prevention still depends on the use of personal protection measures and vector control, which are only minimally effective.
收起
摘要 :
The World Health Organization has declared Zika virus an international public health emergency. Knowledge of Zika virus genomic epidemiology is currently limited due to challenges in obtaining and processing samples for sequencing...
展开
The World Health Organization has declared Zika virus an international public health emergency. Knowledge of Zika virus genomic epidemiology is currently limited due to challenges in obtaining and processing samples for sequencing. The ZiBRA project is a United Kingdom–Brazil collaboration that aims to improve this situation using new sequencing technologies.
收起
摘要 :
Chikungunya fever (CF) is an acute illness caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belonging to the alphavirus genus of the Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) family. The virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. CF is primarily tropical dise...
展开
Chikungunya fever (CF) is an acute illness caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belonging to the alphavirus genus of the Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) family. The virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. CF is primarily tropical disease occurring in Africa, Asia and Indian Ocean islands but in the last decade an outbreak of CHIKV autochthonous infections were reported in Italy and France. It is associated with viral genome mutations facilitating transmission of the disease by Aedes albopictus, a mosquito occurring in several European countries. The CF is highly symptomatic, characterized by fever, cutaneuos rash and severe athralgia and arthritis. In some patients severe neurological or hemorrhagic manifestations occur. The disease is self-limiting but a part of the patients suffers from a long-lasting arthritis akin to rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment is only symptomatic. Prevention includes reduction of mosquito bite (mosquito net, repellent) or application of measures against mosquito larvae. Vaccination is not currently available but investigations are in progress. CF presents a significant worldwide health problem affecting in the last decade millions of person, and currently dangerous also for European countries.
收起
摘要 :
Abstract Background Chikungunya fever is a globally spreading mosquito-borne disease that shows an unexpected neurovirulence. Even though the neurological complications have been a major cause of intensive care unit admission and ...
展开
Abstract Background Chikungunya fever is a globally spreading mosquito-borne disease that shows an unexpected neurovirulence. Even though the neurological complications have been a major cause of intensive care unit admission and death, to date, there is no systematic analysis of their spectrum available. Objective To review evidence of neurological manifestations in Chikungunya fever and map their epidemiology, clinical spectrum, pathomechanisms, diagnostics, therapies and outcomes. Methods Case report and systematic review of the literature followed established guidelines. All cases found were assessed using a 5-step clinical diagnostic algorithm assigning categories A–C, category A representing the highest level of quality. Only A and B cases were considered for further analysis. After general analysis, cases were clustered according to geospatial criteria for subgroup analysis. Results Thirty-six of 1196 studies were included, yielding 130 cases. Nine were ranked as category A (diagnosis of Neuro-Chikungunya probable), 55 as B (plausible), and 51 as C (disputable). In 15 cases, alternative diagnoses were more likely. Patient age distribution was bimodal with a mean of 49?years and a second peak in infants. Fifty percent of the cases occurred in patients Conclusions Direct viral forms of Neuro-Chikungunya seem to occur particularly in infants and elderly patients, while autoimmune forms have to be also considered in middle-aged, previously healthy patients, especially after an asymptomatic interval. This knowledge will help to identify future Neuro-Chikungunya cases and to improve outcome especially in autoimmune-mediated conditions. The genetics of Chikungunya virus might play a key role in determining the course of neuropathogenesis. With further research, this could prove diagnostically significant.
收起
摘要 :
ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of chronic articular symptoms after chikungunya virus infection of patients from the American continent. MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature using the MEDLINE, Web of Scienc...
展开
ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of chronic articular symptoms after chikungunya virus infection of patients from the American continent. MethodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature using the MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus databases. We included only cohort studies conducted in the American continent reporting the incidence of chronic articular symptoms after chikungunya virus acute infection. The quality of the selected studies was evaluated through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomized studies and relevant data were extracted. The pooled incidence of post-chikungunya chronic symptoms was estimated using a random-effect model meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed by Q of Cochrane and itsP-value, Tau2and I2. Subgroup analysis was performed, and studies were stratified by quality, sample size, region, country, period of follow-up and study design. ResultsUp to February 24, 2018, a total of 1115 potentially relevant studies were identified through our search strategy. After exclusion of 226 duplicates and 845 irrelevant studies, we retrieved 41 articles for full-text appreciation, from which 18 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Our meta-analysis suggests that 52% of the patients infected with the chikungunya virus will present chronic articular symptoms, although a high heterogeneity between studies was also found (I2?=?94%). ConclusionFifty-two percent of chikungunya infected patients in the American continent are expected to develop the chronic stage of the disease. Chikungunya fever needs to be dealt as a major world health problem.
收起
摘要 :
Members of the genus Alphavirus are mostly mosquito-borne pathogens that cause disease in their vertebrate hosts. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is one member of the genus Alphavirus [1], has been a major health problem in endem...
展开
Members of the genus Alphavirus are mostly mosquito-borne pathogens that cause disease in their vertebrate hosts. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is one member of the genus Alphavirus [1], has been a major health problem in endemic areas since its re-emergence in 2006. CHIKV is transmitted to mammalian hosts by the Aedes mosquito, causing persistent debilitating symptoms in many cases. At present, there is no specific treatment or vaccine. Experiments involving live CHIKV need to be performed in BSL-3 facilities, which limits vaccine and drug research. The emergence of pseudotyped virus technology offered the potential for the development of a safe and effective evaluation method. In this chapter, we review the construction and application of pseudotyped CHIKVs, the findings from which have enhanced our understanding of CHIKV. This will, in turn, enable the exploration of promising therapeutic strategies in animal models, with the ultimate aim of developing effective treatments and vaccines against CHIKV and other related viruses.
收起
摘要 :
Chikungunya fever, a disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), reemerged and affected over 52,000 people in southern Thailand in 2008 and 2009. The CHIKV strain involved in this outbreak was the East Central South African (ECSA...
展开
Chikungunya fever, a disease caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), reemerged and affected over 52,000 people in southern Thailand in 2008 and 2009. The CHIKV strain involved in this outbreak was the East Central South African (ECSA) strain with the E1-A226V mutation. The prevalence of CHIKV-associated chronic discomfort varied by virus lineage. This retrospective cohort study aims to describe the CHIKV-related symptoms persisting in CHIKV-affected patients, related factors, and the presence of anti-CHIKV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies 5 years after the onset of disease. From 5,344 of the study population screened, a total of 89 affected patients reported persistent arthralgia 5 years after the disease onset (nonrecovery rate?=?1.7%). Of the 141 affected patients enrolled, 122 cases (86.5%; 77 cases with persistent arthralgia and 45 cases of fully recovered) still had detectable levels of anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies. Long-term persistence of chronic joint symptoms is associated with the severity of the disease during the initial phase of the infection, but not gender, age, or comorbidities. The common manifestations were arthralgia (75.3%), morning joint stiffness (39.0%), muscle pain (19.5%), and occasional joint swelling (16.9%). Chronic joint symptoms could occur in either a fluctuating or a persistent manner and usually caused moderate pain. The joints affected were mainly fingers (71.4%), wrists (51.9%), and knees (50.6%). Most patients had polyarthralgia with symmetrical joint involvement. In some cases with persistent arthralgia, atypical manifestations, including severe depression with suicide attempts, severe weight loss, and severe hair loss, were found, and some patients still experienced severe joint pain.
收起
摘要 :
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an infectious agent spread by mosquitos, that has engendered endemic or epidemic outbreaks of Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) in Africa, South-East Asia, America, and a few European countries. Like most trop...
展开
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an infectious agent spread by mosquitos, that has engendered endemic or epidemic outbreaks of Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) in Africa, South-East Asia, America, and a few European countries. Like most tropical infections, CHIKV is frequently misdiagnosed, underreported, and underestimated; it primarily affects areas with limited resources, like developing nations. Due to its high transmission rate and lack of a preventive vaccine or effective treatments, this virus poses a serious threat to humanity. After a 32-year hiatus, CHIKV reemerged as the most significant epidemic ever reported, in India in 2006. Since then, CHIKV-related research was begun in India, and up to now, more than 800 peer-reviewed research papers have been published by Indian researchers and medical practitioners. This review gives an overview of the outbreak history and CHIKV-related research in India, to favor novel high-quality research works intending to promote effective treatment and preventive strategies, including vaccine development, against CHIKV infection.
收起
摘要 :
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a febrile disease associated with chronic arthralgia, which may progress to neurological impairment. Chikungunya fever (CF) is an ongoing public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions o...
展开
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a febrile disease associated with chronic arthralgia, which may progress to neurological impairment. Chikungunya fever (CF) is an ongoing public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where control of the CHIKV vector, Aedes mosquitos, has failed. As there is no vaccine or specific treatment for CHIKV, patients receive only palliative care to alleviate pain and arthralgia. Thus, drug repurposing is necessary to identify antivirals against CHIKV. CHIKV RNA polymerase is similar to the orthologue enzyme of other positive-sense RNA viruses, such as members of the Flaviviridae family. Among the Flaviviridae, not only is hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase susceptible to sofosbuvir, a clinically approved nucleotide analogue, but so is dengue, Zika, and yellow fever virus replication. Here, we found that sofosbuvir was three times more selective in inhibiting CHIKV production in human hepatoma cells than ribavirin, a panantiviral drug. Although CHIKV replication in human induced pluripotent stem cellderived astrocytes was less susceptible to sofosbuvir than were hepatoma cells, sofosbuvir nevertheless impaired virus production and cell death in a multiplicity of infection-dependent manner. Sofosbuvir also exhibited antiviral activity in vivo by preventing CHIKV-induced paw edema in adult mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight/day and prevented mortality in a neonate mouse model at 40-and 80-mg/kg/day doses. Our data demonstrate that a prototypic alphavirus, CHIKV, is also susceptible to sofosbuvir. As sofosbuvir is a clinically approved drug, our findings could pave the way to it becoming a therapeutic option against CF.
收起
摘要 :
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a febrile disease associated with chronic arthralgia, which may progress to neurological impairment. Chikungunya fever (CF) is an ongoing public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions o...
展开
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a febrile disease associated with chronic arthralgia, which may progress to neurological impairment. Chikungunya fever (CF) is an ongoing public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where control of the CHIKV vector, Aedes mosquitos, has failed. As there is no vaccine or specific treatment for CHIKV, patients receive only palliative care to alleviate pain and arthralgia. Thus, drug repurposing is necessary to identify antivirals against CHIKV. CHIKV RNA polymerase is similar to the orthologue enzyme of other positive-sense RNA viruses, such as members of the Flaviviridae family. Among the Flaviviridae, not only is hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase susceptible to sofosbuvir, a clinically approved nucleotide analogue, but so is dengue, Zika, and yellow fever virus replication. Here, we found that sofosbuvir was three times more selective in inhibiting CHIKV production in human hepatoma cells than ribavirin, a panantiviral drug. Although CHIKV replication in human induced pluripotent stem cellderived astrocytes was less susceptible to sofosbuvir than were hepatoma cells, sofosbuvir nevertheless impaired virus production and cell death in a multiplicity of infection-dependent manner. Sofosbuvir also exhibited antiviral activity in vivo by preventing CHIKV-induced paw edema in adult mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight/day and prevented mortality in a neonate mouse model at 40-and 80-mg/kg/day doses. Our data demonstrate that a prototypic alphavirus, CHIKV, is also susceptible to sofosbuvir. As sofosbuvir is a clinically approved drug, our findings could pave the way to it becoming a therapeutic option against CF.
收起
原文获取